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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The DRBD User’s Guide</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="default.css" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="home" href="drbd-users-guide.html" title="The DRBD User’s Guide" /><link rel="next" href="about.html" title="Please Read This First" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The DRBD User’s Guide</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="about.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div xml:lang="en" class="book" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="idm45883821226720"></a>The DRBD User’s Guide</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Brian</span> <span class="surname">Hellman</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Florian</span> <span class="surname">Haas</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Philipp</span> <span class="surname">Reisner</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Lars</span> <span class="surname">Ellenberg</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="releaseinfo">This guide has been released to the DRBD community,
and its authors strive to improve it permanently. Feedback from
readers is always welcome and encouraged. Please use the <a class="link" href="s-mailing-list.html" title="18.2. Public mailing list">DRBD public mailing list</a> for
enhancement suggestions and corrections.</p></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2008, 2009 LINBIT Information Technologies GmbH</p></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 LINBIT HA Solutions GmbH</p></div><div><div class="legalnotice"><a id="idm45883820013328"></a><p class="legalnotice-title"><strong>License information</strong></p><p>The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed
under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported
license ("CC-BY-SA", <a class="ulink" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" target="_blank">brief
explanation</a>, <a class="ulink" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode" target="_blank">full
license text</a>).</p><p>In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document
or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original
version.</p></div></div><div><div class="legalnotice"><a id="idm45883816607648"></a><p class="legalnotice-title"><strong>Trademarks used in this guide</strong></p><p>DRBD®, the DRBD logo, LINBIT®, and the LINBIT logo are
trademarks or registered trademarks of LINBIT Information
Technologies GmbH in Austria, the United States and other
countries.</p><p>AMD is a registered trademark of Advanced Micro Devices,
Inc.</p><p>Citrix is a registered trademark of Citrix, Inc.</p><p>Debian is a registered trademark of Software in the Public
Interest, Inc.</p><p>Dolphin Interconnect Solutions and SuperSockets are trademarks
or registered trademarks of Dolphin Interconnect Solutions ASA.</p><p>IBM is a registered trademark of International Business
Machines Corporation.</p><p>Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.</p><p>Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.</p><p>Oracle, MySQL, and MySQL Enterprise are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates.</p><p>Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and RPM are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc.</p><p>SuSE, SUSE, and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Novell, Inc.</p><p>Xen is a registered trademark of Citrix, Inc.</p><p>Other names mentioned in this guide may be trademarks or
registered trademarks of their respective owners.</p></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="about.html">Please Read This First</a></span></dt><dt><span class="part"><a href="p-intro.html">I. Introduction to DRBD</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-fundamentals.html">1. DRBD Fundamentals</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-fundamentals.html#s-kernel-module">1.1. Kernel module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-userland.html">1.2. User space administration tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-resources.html">1.3. Resources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-resource-roles.html">1.4. Resource roles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-features.html">2. DRBD Features</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-features.html#s-single-primary-mode">2.1. Single-primary mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-dual-primary-mode.html">2.2. Dual-primary mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-replication-protocols.html">2.3. Replication modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-replication-transports.html">2.4. Multiple replication transports</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-resync.html">2.5. Efficient synchronization</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-resync.html#s-variable-rate-sync">2.5.1. Variable-rate synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-resync.html#_fixed_rate_synchronization">2.5.2. Fixed-rate synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-resync.html#s-checksum-sync">2.5.3. Checksum-based synchronization</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-suspended-replication.html">2.6. Suspended replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-online-verify.html">2.7. On-line device verification</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-integrity-check.html">2.8. Replication traffic integrity checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-split-brain-notification-and-recovery.html">2.9. Split brain notification and automatic recovery</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-disk-flush-support.html">2.10. Support for disk flushes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-handling-disk-errors.html">2.11. Disk error handling strategies</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-outdate.html">2.12. Strategies for dealing with outdated data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-three-way-repl.html">2.13. Three-way replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-drbd-proxy.html">2.14. Long-distance replication with DRBD Proxy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-truck-based-replication.html">2.15. Truck based replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-floating-peers.html">2.16. Floating peers</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="p-build-install-configure.html">II. Building, installing and configuring DRBD</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-install-packages.html">3. Installing pre-built DRBD binary packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-install-packages.html#s-linbit-packages">3.1. Packages supplied by LINBIT</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-distro-packages.html">3.2. Packages supplied by distribution vendors</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-distro-packages.html#_suse_linux_enterprise_server">3.2.1. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-distro-packages.html#_debian_gnu_linux">3.2.2. Debian GNU/Linux</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-distro-packages.html#_centos">3.2.3. CentOS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-distro-packages.html#_ubuntu_linux">3.2.4. Ubuntu Linux</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-build-install-from-source.html">4. Building and installing DRBD from source</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-build-install-from-source.html#s-downloading-drbd-sources">4.1. Downloading the DRBD sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-checking-out-git.html">4.2. Checking out sources from the public DRBD source repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-build-from-source.html">4.3. Building DRBD from source</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-build-from-source.html#s-build-prereq">4.3.1. Checking build prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-build-from-source.html#s-build-prepare-kernel-tree">4.3.2. Preparing the kernel source tree</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-build-from-source.html#s-build-prepare-checkout">4.3.3. Preparing the DRBD build tree</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-build-from-source.html#s-build-userland">4.3.4. Building DRBD userspace utilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-build-from-source.html#s-build-compile-kernel-module">4.3.5. Compiling DRBD as a kernel module</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-build-rpm.html">4.4. Building a DRBD RPM package</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-build-deb.html">4.5. Building a DRBD Debian package</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-configure.html">5. Configuring DRBD</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-configure.html#s-prepare-storage">5.1. Preparing your lower-level storage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-prepare-network.html">5.2. Preparing your network configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-configure-resource.html">5.3. Configuring your resource</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-configure-resource.html#s-drbdconf-example">5.3.1. Example configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-configure-resource.html#s-drbdconf-global">5.3.2. The <code class="literal">global</code> section</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-configure-resource.html#s-drbdconf-common">5.3.3. The <code class="literal">common</code> section</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-configure-resource.html#s-drbdconf-resource">5.3.4. The <code class="literal">resource</code> sections</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-first-time-up.html">5.4. Enabling your resource for the first time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-initial-full-sync.html">5.5. The initial device synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-using-truck-based-replication.html">5.6. Using truck based replication</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="p-work.html">III. Working with DRBD</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-admin.html">6. Common administrative tasks</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-admin.html#s-check-status">6.1. Checking DRBD status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-admin.html#s-drbd-overview">6.1.1. Retrieving status with <code class="literal">drbd-overview</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-admin.html#s-proc-drbd">6.1.2. Status information in <code class="literal">/proc/drbd</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-admin.html#s-connection-states">6.1.3. Connection states</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-admin.html#s-roles">6.1.4. Resource roles</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-admin.html#s-disk-states">6.1.5. Disk states</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-admin.html#s-io-flags">6.1.6. I/O state flags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-admin.html#s-performance-indicators">6.1.7. Performance indicators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-enable-disable.html">6.2. Enabling and disabling resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-enable-disable.html#s-enable-resource">6.2.1. Enabling resources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-enable-disable.html#s-disable-resource">6.2.2. Disabling resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-reconfigure.html">6.3. Reconfiguring resources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-switch-resource-roles.html">6.4. Promoting and demoting resources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-manual-fail-over.html">6.5. Basic Manual Fail-over</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-upgrading-drbd.html">6.6. Upgrading DRBD</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-upgrading-drbd.html#s-updating-your-repo">6.6.1. Updating your repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-upgrading-drbd.html#s-Upgrading-the-packages">6.6.2. Upgrading the packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-upgrading-drbd.html#_migrating_your_configs">6.6.3. Migrating your configs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-downgrading-drbd84.html">6.7. Downgrading DRBD 8.4 to 8.3</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-enable-dual-primary.html">6.8. Enabling dual-primary mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-enable-dual-primary.html#s-enable-dual-primary-permanent">6.8.1. Permanent dual-primary mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-enable-dual-primary.html#s-enable-dual-primary-temporary">6.8.2. Temporary dual-primary mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-enable-dual-primary.html#_automating_promotion_on_system_startup">6.8.3. Automating promotion on system startup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-use-online-verify.html">6.9. Using on-line device verification</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-use-online-verify.html#s-online-verify-enable">6.9.1. Enabling on-line verification</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-use-online-verify.html#s-online-verify-invoke">6.9.2. Invoking on-line verification</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-use-online-verify.html#s-online-verify-automate">6.9.3. Automating on-line verification</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-configure-sync-rate.html">6.10. Configuring the rate of synchronization</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-configure-sync-rate.html#s-configure-sync-rate-permanent">6.10.1. Permanent fixed sync rate configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-configure-sync-rate.html#s-configure-sync-rate-temporary">6.10.2. Temporary fixed sync rate configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-configure-sync-rate.html#s-configure-sync-rate-variable">6.10.3. Variable sync rate configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-configure-checksum-sync.html">6.11. Configuring checksum-based synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-configure-congestion-policy.html">6.12. Configuring congestion policies and suspended replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-configure-io-error-behavior.html">6.13. Configuring I/O error handling strategies</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-configure-integrity-check.html">6.14. Configuring replication traffic integrity checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-resizing.html">6.15. Resizing resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-resizing.html#s-growing-online">6.15.1. Growing on-line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-resizing.html#s-growing-offline">6.15.2. Growing off-line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-resizing.html#s-shrinking-online">6.15.3. Shrinking on-line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-resizing.html#s-shrinking-offline">6.15.4. Shrinking off-line</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-disable-flushes.html">6.16. Disabling backing device flushes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-configure-split-brain-behavior.html">6.17. Configuring split brain behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-configure-split-brain-behavior.html#s-split-brain-notification">6.17.1. Split brain notification</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-configure-split-brain-behavior.html#s-automatic-split-brain-recovery-configuration">6.17.2. Automatic split brain recovery policies</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-three-nodes.html">6.18. Creating a three-node setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-three-nodes.html#s-stacking-considerations">6.18.1. Device stacking considerations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-three-nodes.html#s-three-node-config">6.18.2. Configuring a stacked resource</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-three-nodes.html#s-three-node-enable">6.18.3. Enabling stacked resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-using-drbd-proxy.html">6.19. Using DRBD Proxy</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-using-drbd-proxy.html#s-drbd-proxy-deployment-considerations">6.19.1. DRBD Proxy deployment considerations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-using-drbd-proxy.html#s-drbd-proxy-installation">6.19.2. Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-using-drbd-proxy.html#s-drbd-proxy-license">6.19.3. License file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-using-drbd-proxy.html#s-drbd-proxy-configuration">6.19.4. Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-using-drbd-proxy.html#s-drbd-proxy-controlling">6.19.5. Controlling DRBD Proxy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-using-drbd-proxy.html#s-drbd-proxy-plugins">6.19.6. About DRBD Proxy plugins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-using-drbd-proxy.html#s-drbd-proxy-bwlimit">6.19.7. Using a WAN Side Bandwidth Limit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-using-drbd-proxy.html#s-drbd-proxy-troubleshoot">6.19.8. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-troubleshooting.html">7. Troubleshooting and error recovery</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-troubleshooting.html#s-hard-drive-failure">7.1. Dealing with hard drive failure</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-troubleshooting.html#s-detach-hard-drive-manual">7.1.1. Manually detaching DRBD from your hard drive</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-troubleshooting.html#s-detach-hard-drive-auto">7.1.2. Automatic detach on I/O error</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-troubleshooting.html#s-replace-disk-internal-metadata">7.1.3. Replacing a failed disk when using internal meta data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-troubleshooting.html#s-replace-disk-external-metadata">7.1.4. Replacing a failed disk when using external meta data</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-node-failure.html">7.2. Dealing with node failure</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-node-failure.html#s-temp-node-failure-secondary">7.2.1. Dealing with temporary secondary node failure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-node-failure.html#s-temp-node-failure-primary">7.2.2. Dealing with temporary primary node failure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-node-failure.html#s-perm-node-failure">7.2.3. Dealing with permanent node failure</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-resolve-split-brain.html">7.3. Manual split brain recovery</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="p-apps.html">IV. DRBD-enabled applications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-pacemaker.html">8. Integrating DRBD with Pacemaker clusters</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-pacemaker.html#s-pacemaker-primer">8.1. Pacemaker primer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-pacemaker-crm-drbd-backed-service.html">8.2. Adding a DRBD-backed service to the cluster configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-pacemaker-fencing.html">8.3. Using resource-level fencing in Pacemaker clusters</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-pacemaker-fencing.html#s-pacemaker-fencing-dopd">8.3.1. Resource-level fencing with <code class="literal">dopd</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-pacemaker-fencing.html#s-pacemaker-fencing-cib">8.3.2. Resource-level fencing using the Cluster Information Base (CIB)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-pacemaker-stacked-resources.html">8.4. Using stacked DRBD resources in Pacemaker clusters</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-pacemaker-stacked-resources.html#s-pacemaker-stacked-dr">8.4.1. Adding off-site disaster recovery to Pacemaker clusters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-pacemaker-stacked-resources.html#s-pacemaker-stacked-4way">8.4.2. Using stacked resources to achieve 4-way redundancy in Pacemaker clusters</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-pacemaker-floating-peers.html">8.5. Configuring DRBD to replicate between two SAN-backed Pacemaker clusters</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-pacemaker-floating-peers.html#s-pacemaker-floating-peers-drbd-config">8.5.1. DRBD resource configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-pacemaker-floating-peers.html#s-pacemaker-floating-peers-crm-config">8.5.2. Pacemaker resource configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-pacemaker-floating-peers.html#s-pacemaker-floating-peers-site-fail-over">8.5.3. Site fail-over</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-rhcs.html">9. Integrating DRBD with Red Hat Cluster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-rhcs.html#s-rhcs-primer">9.1. Red Hat Cluster background information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-rhcs.html#s-rhcs-fencing">9.1.1. Fencing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-rhcs.html#s-rhcs-rgmanager">9.1.2. The Resource Group Manager</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-rhcs-config.html">9.2. Red Hat Cluster configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-rhcs-config.html#s-rhcs-cluster-conf">9.2.1. The <code class="literal">cluster.conf</code> file</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-rhcs-failover-clusters.html">9.3. Using DRBD in Red Hat Cluster fail-over clusters</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-rhcs-failover-clusters.html#s-rhcs-example-cluster-conf">9.3.1. Setting up your cluster configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-lvm.html">10. Using LVM with DRBD</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-lvm.html#s-lvm-primer">10.1. LVM primer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-lvm-lv-as-drbd-backing-dev.html">10.2. Using a Logical Volume as a DRBD backing device</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-lvm-snapshots.html">10.3. Using automated LVM snapshots during DRBD synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-lvm-drbd-as-pv.html">10.4. Configuring a DRBD resource as a Physical Volume</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-lvm-add-pv.html">10.5. Adding a new DRBD volume to an existing Volume Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-nested-lvm.html">10.6. Nested LVM configuration with DRBD</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-nested-lvm.html#_switching_the_vg_to_the_other_node">10.6.1. Switching the VG to the other node</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-lvm-pacemaker.html">10.7. Highly available LVM with Pacemaker</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-gfs.html">11. Using GFS2 with DRBD</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-gfs.html#s-gfs-primer">11.1. GFS primer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-gfs-create-resource.html">11.2. Creating a DRBD resource suitable for GFS2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-gfs-create-resource.html#_enable_resource_fencing_for_dual_primary_resource">11.2.1. Enable resource fencing for dual-primary resource</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-gfs-configure-cman.html">11.3. Configuring CMAN</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-gfs-create.html">11.4. Creating a GFS2 filesystem</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="_using_your_gfs2_filesystem_with_pacemaker.html">11.5. Using your GFS2 filesystem with Pacemaker</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-ocfs2.html">12. Using OCFS2 with DRBD</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-ocfs2.html#s-ocfs2-primer">12.1. OCFS2 primer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-ocfs2-create-resource.html">12.2. Creating a DRBD resource suitable for OCFS2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-ocfs2-create.html">12.3. Creating an OCFS2 filesystem</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-ocfs2-pacemaker.html">12.4. Pacemaker OCFS2 management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-ocfs2-pacemaker.html#s-ocfs2-pacemaker-drbd">12.4.1. Adding a Dual-Primary DRBD resource to Pacemaker</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-ocfs2-pacemaker.html#s-ocfs2-pacemaker-mgmtdaemons">12.4.2. Adding OCFS2 management capability to Pacemaker</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-ocfs2-pacemaker.html#s-ocfs2-pacemaker-fs">12.4.3. Adding an OCFS2 filesystem to Pacemaker</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-ocfs2-pacemaker.html#s-ocfs2-pacemaker-constraints">12.4.4. Adding required Pacemaker constraints to manage OCFS2 filesystems</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-ocfs2-legacy.html">12.5. Legacy OCFS2 management (without Pacemaker)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-ocfs2-legacy.html#s-ocfs2-enable">12.5.1. Configuring your cluster to support OCFS2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-ocfs2-legacy.html#s-ocfs2-use">12.5.2. Using your OCFS2 filesystem</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-xen.html">13. Using Xen with DRBD</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-xen.html#s-xen-primer">13.1. Xen primer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-xen-drbd-mod-params.html">13.2. Setting DRBD module parameters for use with Xen</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-xen-create-resource.html">13.3. Creating a DRBD resource suitable to act as a Xen VBD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-xen-configure-domu.html">13.4. Using DRBD VBDs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-manage-domu.html">13.5. Starting, stopping, and migrating DRBD-backed domU’s</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-xen-internal.html">13.6. Internals of DRBD/Xen integration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-xen-pacemaker.html">13.7. Integrating Xen with Pacemaker</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="p-performance.html">V. Optimizing DRBD performance</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-benchmark.html">14. Measuring block device performance</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-benchmark.html#s-measure-throughput">14.1. Measuring throughput</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-measure-latency.html">14.2. Measuring latency</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-throughput.html">15. Optimizing DRBD throughput</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-throughput.html#s-throughput-hardware">15.1. Hardware considerations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-throughput-overhead-expectations.html">15.2. Throughput overhead expectations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-throughput-tuning.html">15.3. Tuning recommendations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-throughput-tuning.html#s-tune-max-buffer-max-epoch-size">15.3.1. Setting <code class="literal">max-buffers</code> and <code class="literal">max-epoch-size</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-throughput-tuning.html#s-tune-unplug-watermark">15.3.2. Tweaking the I/O unplug watermark</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-throughput-tuning.html#s-tune-sndbuf-size">15.3.3. Tuning the TCP send buffer size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-throughput-tuning.html#s-tune-al-extents">15.3.4. Tuning the Activity Log size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-throughput-tuning.html#s-tune-disable-barriers">15.3.5. Disabling barriers and disk flushes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-latency.html">16. Optimizing DRBD latency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-latency.html#s-latency-hardware">16.1. Hardware considerations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-latency-overhead-expectations.html">16.2. Latency overhead expectations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-latency-tuning.html">16.3. Tuning recommendations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-latency-tuning.html#s-latency-tuning-cpu-mask">16.3.1. Setting DRBD’s CPU mask</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-latency-tuning.html#s-latency-tuning-mtu-size">16.3.2. Modifying the network MTU</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-latency-tuning.html#s-latency-tuning-deadline-scheduler">16.3.3. Enabling the <code class="literal">deadline</code> I/O scheduler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="p-learn.html">VI. Learning more about DRBD</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-internals.html">17. DRBD Internals</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-internals.html#s-metadata">17.1. DRBD meta data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-internals.html#s-internal-meta-data">17.1.1. Internal meta data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-internals.html#s-external-meta-data">17.1.2. External meta data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-internals.html#s-meta-data-size">17.1.3. Estimating meta data size</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-gi.html">17.2. Generation Identifiers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-gi.html#s-data-generations">17.2.1. Data generations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-gi.html#s-gi-tuple">17.2.2. The generation identifier tuple</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-gi.html#s-gi-changes">17.2.3. How generation identifiers change</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-gi.html#s-gi-use">17.2.4. How DRBD uses generation identifiers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-activity-log.html">17.3. The Activity Log</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-activity-log.html#s-al-purpose">17.3.1. Purpose</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-activity-log.html#s-active-extents">17.3.2. Active extents</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-activity-log.html#s-suitable-al-size">17.3.3. Selecting a suitable Activity Log size</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-quick-sync-bitmap.html">17.4. The quick-sync bitmap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-fence-peer.html">17.5. The peer fencing interface</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-more-info.html">18. Getting more information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-more-info.html#s-commercial-support">18.1. Commercial DRBD support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-mailing-list.html">18.2. Public mailing list</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-irc-channels.html">18.3. Public IRC Channels</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-twitter-account.html">18.4. Official Twitter account</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-publications.html">18.5. Publications</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-useful-resources.html">18.6. Other useful resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="p-appendices.html">VII. Appendices</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="ap-recent-changes.html">A. Recent changes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ap-recent-changes.html#s-recent-changes-volumes">A.1. Volumes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ap-recent-changes.html#s-recent-changes-volumes-udev">A.1.1. Changes to udev symlinks</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-config.html">A.2. Changes to the configuration syntax</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-config.html#s-recent-changes-config-booleans">A.2.1. Boolean configuration options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-config.html#s-recent-changes-config-syncer">A.2.2. <code class="literal">syncer</code> section no longer exists</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-config.html#s-recent-changes-config-protocol">A.2.3. <code class="literal">protocol</code> option is no longer special</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-config.html#s-recent-changes-config-options">A.2.4. New per-resource <code class="literal">options</code> section</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-net.html">A.3. On-line changes to network communications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-net.html#s-recent-changes-change-protocol">A.3.1. Changing the replication protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-net.html#s-recent-changes-switch-dual-primary">A.3.2. Changing from single-Primary to dual-Primary replication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-drbdadm.html">A.4. Changes to the <code class="literal">drbdadm</code> command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-drbdadm.html#s-recent-changes-drbdadm-passthrough-options">A.4.1. Changes to pass-through options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-drbdadm.html#s-recent-changes-drbdadm-force">A.4.2. <code class="literal">--force</code> option replaces <code class="literal">--overwrite-data-of-peer</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-defaults.html">A.5. Changed default values</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-defaults.html#s-recent-changes-defaults-al-extents">A.5.1. Number of concurrently active Activity Log extents (<code class="literal">al-extents</code>)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-defaults.html#s-recent-changes-defaults-use-rle">A.5.2. Run-length encoding (<code class="literal">use-rle</code>)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-defaults.html#s-recent-changes-on-io-error">A.5.3. I/O error handling strategy (<code class="literal">on-io-error</code>)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-defaults.html#s-recent-changes-defaults-variable-rate-sync">A.5.4. Variable-rate synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s-recent-changes-defaults.html#s-recent-changes-defaults-minor-count">A.5.5. Number of configurable DRBD devices (<code class="literal">minor-count</code>)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="index"><a href="_index.html">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-figures"><p><strong>List of Figures</strong></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="ch-fundamentals.html#f-drbd-linux-io-stack">DRBD’s position within the Linux I/O stack</a></dt><dt>2.1. <a href="s-resync.html#eq-resync-time">Synchronization time</a></dt><dt>2.2. <a href="s-three-way-repl.html#idm45883815258112">DRBD resource stacking</a></dt><dt>6.1. <a href="s-configure-sync-rate.html#eq-sync-rate-example1">Syncer rate example, 110MB/s effective available bandwidth</a></dt><dt>6.2. <a href="s-configure-sync-rate.html#eq-sync-rate-example2">Syncer rate example, 80MB/s effective available bandwidth</a></dt><dt>8.1. <a href="s-pacemaker-stacked-resources.html#idm45883813993552">DRBD resource stacking in Pacemaker clusters</a></dt><dt>8.2. <a href="s-pacemaker-stacked-resources.html#idm45883813957856">DRBD resource stacking in Pacemaker clusters</a></dt><dt>8.3. <a href="s-pacemaker-floating-peers.html#idm45883813911504">Using DRBD to replicate between SAN-based clusters</a></dt><dt>10.1. <a href="ch-lvm.html#f-lvm-overview">LVM overview</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="ch-internals.html#eq-metadata-size-exact">Calculating DRBD meta data size (exactly)</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="ch-internals.html#eq-metadata-size-approx">Estimating DRBD meta data size (approximately)</a></dt><dt>17.3. <a href="s-gi.html#f-gi-changes-newgen">GI tuple changes at start of a new data generation</a></dt><dt>17.4. <a href="s-gi.html#f-gi-changes-syncstart">GI tuple changes at start of re-synchronization</a></dt><dt>17.5. <a href="s-gi.html#f-gi-changes-synccomplete">GI tuple changes at completion of re-synchronization</a></dt><dt>17.6. <a href="s-activity-log.html#eq-al-extents">Active extents calculation based on sync rate and target sync time</a></dt><dt>17.7. <a href="s-activity-log.html#eq-al-extents-example">Active extents calculation based on sync rate and target sync time (example)</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>4.1. <a href="s-build-from-source.html#t-configure-options">Options supported by DRBD’s <code class="literal">configure</code> script</a></dt><dt>4.2. <a href="s-build-rpm.html#t-rpm-packages">DRBD userland RPM packages</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="s-fence-peer.html#idm45883813050080"><code class="literal">fence-peer</code> handler exit codes</a></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="about.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Please Read This First</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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