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NAME
wnb - WordNet window-based browser interface
SYNOPSIS
wnb
DESCRIPTION
wnb() provides a window-based interface for browsing the WordNet
database, allowing synsets and relations to be displayed as formatted
text. For each search word, different searches are available based on
syntactic category and information available in the database.
wnb is written in Tcl/Tk, which is available for Unix and Windows
platforms. This allows the same code to work on all supported WordNet
platforms without modification.
WNB WINDOWS
wnb() was developed with the philosophy that only those searches and
buttons that are applicable at the current time are displayed. As a
result, the appearance of the interface changes as it is used. Use the
standard windowing system mouse functions to open and close the WordNet
Browser Window, move the window, and change its size.
The WordNet Browser Window contains the following areas, from top to
bottom:
Menubar
A menubar runs along the top of the browser window with pulldown
menus and button entitled File , History , Options , and Help . Search
Word Entry
Below the Menubar is a line for entering the search word. A search
word can be a single word, hyphenated string, or a collocation. Case
is ignored. Although only uninflected forms of words are usually
stored in WordNet, users may search for inflected forms. WordNet's
morphological processor finds the base form automatically. Search Selection
Below the Search Word Entry line is an area for selecting the search
type and senses to search. Until a search word is entered this area
is blank. After a search word is entered, buttons appear
corresponding to each syntactic category (Noun , Verb , Adjective ,
Adverb ) in which the search string is defined in WordNet.
At the right edge of the Search Selection line is a box for entering
sense numbers. When this box is empty, search results for all senses of
the search word that match the search type are displayed. The search may
be restricted to one or more specific senses by entering a comma or
space separated list of sense numbers in the Senses box. These sense
numbers remain in effect until either the user changes or deletes them,
or a new search word is entered.
Results Window
Most of the browser window consists of a large text buffer for
displaying the results of WordNet searches. Horizontal and vertical
scroll bars are present for scrolling through the output. Status Line
A status line is at the bottom of the browser window. When search
results are displayed in the Results Window, this status line
reflects the type of search selected. When there is no search word
entered, your are prompted to "Enter search word and press return."
If the search word entered is not in WordNet, the message "Sorry, no
matches found." is displayed.
SEARCHING THE DATABASE
The WordNet browser navigates through WordNet in two steps. First a
search word is entered and an overview of all the senses of the word in
all syntactic categories is displayed in the Results Window. The senses
are grouped by syntactic category, and each synset is annotated as
described above with synset_offset , lex_filename , and sense_number as
dictated by the advanced search options set. The overview search also
indicates how many of the senses in each syntactic category are
represented in the tagged texts. This is a way for the user to determine
whether a sense's sense number is based on semantic tagging data, or was
arbitrarily assigned. For each sense that has appeared in such texts,
the number of semantic tags to that sense are indicated in parentheses
after the sense number.
Then, within a syntactic category, a specific search is selected. The
desired search is performed and the search results are displayed in the
Results Window. Additional searches on the same word can be performed,
or a new search word can be entered.
To enter a search word, click the mouse in the horizontal box labeled
Search Word , type a single word, hyphenated string, or collocation and
press RETURN.
wnb() responds by making a set of Part of Speech buttons appear in the
Search Selection line. Each button corresponds to a syntactic category
in which the search string is defined in WordNet. At the same time, an
Overview of the synsets for all senses of the search word is displayed
in the Results Window. The Overview includes the gloss for each synset
and also indicates which of the senses have appeared in the semantically
tagged texts. For each sense that has appeared in such texts, the number
of semantic tags to that sense are indicated in parentheses after the
sense number.
The pulldown menus in the Search Selection line list all of the WordNet
searches that can be performed for the search word in that part of
speech. To select a search, highlight it by dragging the mouse to it,
and release the mouse while it is highlighted. Drag the mouse outside of
the pulldown list and release to hide the menu without making a
selection. Dragging the mouse across the Part of Speech buttons displays
the available searches for each syntactic category.
To restrict a search to one or more senses within a syntactic category,
enter a comma or space separated list of sense numbers in the Senses box
before selecting a search.
After a search is selected, wnb() performs the search on the WordNet
database and displays the formatted results in the Results Window.
Whenever search results are displayed, a button entitled Redisplay
Overview is present at the right edge of the Search Word Entry line.
Clicking on this button redisplays the Overview of all synsets for the
search word in the Results Window.
Changing the Search Word
A new search word can be entered at any time by moving to the Search
Word Entry box, if necessary highlighting it by clicking, erasing the
old string, typing a new one and pressing RETURN. The Senses box is
cleared if necessary, the Part of Speech buttons applicable to the new
search word appear, and the Overview for the new search word is displayed.
The middle mouse button can also be used to select a new search word by
placing the mouse over any word in the Results Window and clicking. The
selected word will replace the text in the Search Word Entry box, and
the overview for that word will automatically be displayed.
To select a new search string collocation from text in the Results
Window, highlight the text with the mouse and press CONTROL-S.
Interrupting a Search
When a search is in progress the message "Searching...(press escape to
abort)" is displayed in the Status Line. Note that most searches return
very quickly, so this message isn't noticeable. As indicated, pressing
the ESCAPE key will interrupt the search. The results of the search
obtained before the time the search was interrupted are displayed in the
Results Window.
MENUS
File Menu
Find keywords by substring
Display a popup window for specifying a search of WordNet for
words or collocations that contain a specific substring. If a
search word is currently entered in the Search Word box, it is
used as the substring to search for by default. The Substring
Search Window contains a box for entering a substring, a
pulldown menu to its right for specifying the part of speech to
search, a large area for displaying the search results, and
action buttons at the bottom entitled Search , Save , Print
Dismiss .
Once a substring is entered and a part of speech selected, clicking
on the Search button causes a search to be done for all words and
collocations in WordNet, in that syntactic category, that contain
the substring according to the following criteria:
1. The substring can appear at the beginning or end of a word,
hyphenated string o collocation.
2. The substring can appear in the middle of a hyphenated string or
collocation, but only delimited on both sides by spaces or hyphens.
The search results are displayed in the large buffer. Clicking on an
item from the search results list causes wnb() to automatically
enter that word in the Search Word box of the WordNet Browser Window
and perform the Overview search.
Clicking the Save button generates a popup dialog for specifying a
filename to save the substring search results to. Clicking the Print
button generates a popup dialog in which a print command can be
specified.
Selecting Dismiss closes the Substring Search Window.
Save current display
Display a popup dialog for specifying a filename to save the
current Results Window contents to. Print current display
Display a popup dialog in which to specify a print command to
which the current Results Window contents can be piped. Note -
this option does not exist in the Windows version. Clear current
display
Clear the Search Word and Senses boxes, and Results Window. Exit
Does what you would expect.
History
This pulldown menu contains a list of the last searches performed.
Selecting an item from this list performs that search again. The maximum
number of searches stored in the list can be adjusted from the Options
menu. The default is 10.
Options
Show help with each search
When this checkbox is selected search results are preceded by
some explanatory text about the type of search selected. This is
off by default. Show descriptive gloss
When this checkbox is selected, synset glosses are displayed in
all search results. This is set by default. Note that glosses
are always displayed in the Overview. Wrap Lines
When this checkbox is selected, lines in the Results Window that
are wider than the window are automatically wrapped. This is set
by default. If not selected, a horizontal scroll bar is present
if any lines are longer than the width of the window. Set advanced
search options...
Selecting this item displays a popup window for setting the
following search options: Lexical file information; Synset
location in database file; Sense number . Choices for each are:
Don't show (default)
Show with searches
Show with searches and overview
When lexical file information is shown, the name of the
lexicographer file is printed before each synset, enclosed in angle
brackets (< ... > ). When both lexical file information and synset
location information are displayed, the synset location information
appears first. If within one lexicographer file more than one sense
of a word is entered, an integer lex_id is appended onto all but one
of the word's instances to uniquely identify it. In each synset,
each word having a non-zero lex_id is printed with the lex_id value
printed immediately following the word. If both lexicographer
information and sense numbers are displayed, lex_id s, if present,
precede sense numbers.
When synset location is shown, the byte offset of the synset in the
database "data" file corresponding to the syntactic category of the
synset is printed before each synset, enclosed in curly braces
({ ... } ). When both lexical file information and synset location
information are displayed, the synset location information appears
first.
When sense numbers are shown, the sense number of each word in each
synset is printed immediately after the word, and is preceded by a
number sign (# ).
Set maximum history length...
Display a popup dialog in which the maximum number of previous
searches to be kept on the History list can be set. Set
font...
Display a popup window for setting the font (typeface) and font
size to use for the Results Window. Choices for typeface are:
Courier , Helvetica , and Times (default). Font size can be
small , medium (default), or large . Save current options as default
Save the currently set options. Next time the browser is
started, these options will be used as the user defaults.
Help
Help on using the WordNet browser
Display this manual page. Help on WordNet terminology
Display the wngloss <wngloss.7WN.html>(7WN) <wngloss.7WN.html>
manual page. Display the WordNet license
Display the WordNet copyright notice and license agreement. About
the WordNet browser
Information about this application.
SHORCUTS
Clicking on any word in the Results Window while holding down the SHIFT
key on the keyboard causes the browser to replace Search Word with the
word and display its Overview and available searches. Clicking on any
word in the Results Window with the middle mouse button does the same
thing.
Pressing the CONTROL-S keys causes the browser to do as above on the
text that is currently highlighted. Under Unix, this will work even if
the highlighted text is in another window. This works on hyphenated
strings and collocations, as well as individual words.
Pressing the CONTROL-G keys displays the Substring Search Window.
SEARCH RESULTS
The results of a search of the WordNet database are displayed in the
Results Window. Horizontal and vertical scroll bars are present for
scrolling through the search results.
All searches other than the Overview list all senses matching the search
results in the following general format. Items enclosed in italicized
square brackets ([ ... ] ) may not be present.
If a search cannot be performed on some senses of searchstr , the search
results are headed by a string of the form: X of Y senses of searchstr
One line listing the number of senses matching the search selected.
Each sense matching the search selected displayed as follows:
Sense n
[{synset_offset}]
[<lex_filename>] word1[#sense_number][, word2...]
Where n is the sense number of the search word, synset_offset is the
byte offset of the synset in the data.pos file corresponding to the
syntactic category, lex_filename is the name of the lexicographer
file that the synset comes from, word1 is the first word in the
synset (note that this is not necessarily the search word) and
sense_number is the WordNet sense number assigned to the preceding
word. synset_offset , lex_filename , and sense_number are generated
if the appropriate Options are specified.
The synsets matching the search selected are printed below each
sense's synset output described above. Each line of output is
preceded by a marker (usually => ), then a synset, formatted as
described above. If a search traverses more one level of the tree,
then successive lines are indented by spaces corresponding to its
level in the hierarchy. Glosses are displayed in parentheses at the
end of each synset if the appropriate Option is set. Each synset is
printed on one line.
Senses are ordered from most to least frequently used, with the most
common sense numbered 1 . Frequency of use is determined by the
number of times a sense is tagged in the various semantic
concordance texts. Senses that are not semantically tagged follow
the ordered senses. Note that this ordering is only an estimate
based on usage in a small corpus.
Verb senses can be grouped by similarity of meaning, rather than
ordered by frequency of use. When the "Synonyms, grouped by
similarity of meaning" search is selected, senses that are close in
meaning are printed together, with a line of dashes indicating the
end of a group. See wngroups <wngroups.7WN.html>(7WN)
<wngroups.7WN.html> for a discussion how senses are grouped.
The output of the "Derivationally Related Forms" search shows word
forms that are morphologically related to searchstr . Each word form
pointed to from searchstr is displayed, preceded by RELATED TO-> and
the syntactic category of the link, followed, on the next line, by
its synset. Printed after the word form is # n where n indicates the
WordNet sense number of the term pointed to.
The "Domain" and "Domain Terms" searches show the domain that a
synset has been classified in and, conversely, all of the terms that
have been assigned to a specific domain. A domain is either a TOPIC,
REGION or USAGE, as reflected in the specific pointer character
stored in the database, and displayed in the output. A Domain search
on a term shows the domain, if any, that each synset containing
searchstr has been classified in. The output display shows the
domain type (TOPIC, REGION or USAGE ), followed by the syntactic
category of the domain synset and the terms in the synset. Each term
is followed by # n where n indicates the WordNet sense number of the
term. The converse search, Domain TermsfP, shows all of the synsets
that have been placed into the domain searchstr , with analogous
markers.
When the "Sentence Frames" search is specified, sample illustrative
sentences and generic sentence frames are displayed. If a sample
sentence is found, the base form of the search word is substituted
into the sentence, and it is printed below the synset, preceded with
the EX: marker. When no sample sentences are found, the generic
sentence frames are displayed. Sentence frames that are acceptable
for all words in a synset are preceded by the marker *> . If a frame
is acceptable for the search word only, it is preceded by the marker
=> .
Search results for adjectives are slightly different from those for
other parts of speech. When an adjective is printed, its direct
antonym, if it has one, is also printed in parentheses. When the
search word is in a head synset, all of the head synset's satellites
are also displayed. The position of an adjective in relation to the
noun may be restricted to the prenominal , postnominal or
predicative position. Where present, these restrictions are noted in
parentheses.
When an adjective is a participle of a verb, the output indicates
the verb and displays its synset.
When an adverb is derived from an adjective, the specific adjectival
sense on which it is based is indicated.
The morphological transformations performed by the search code may
result in more than one word to search for. wnb() automatically
performs the requested search on all of the strings and returns the
results grouped by word. For example, the verb saw is both the
present tense of saw and the past tense of see . When there is more
than one word to search for, search results are grouped by word.
DIAGNOSTICS
If the WordNet database files cannot be opened, error messages are
displayed. This is usually corrected by setting the environment
variables described below to the proper location of the WordNet database
for your installation.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES (UNIX)
WNHOME
Base directory for WordNet. Default is /usr/local/WordNet-2.1 . WNSEARCHDIR
Directory in which the WordNet database has been installed. Default
is WNHOME/dict .
REGISTRY (WINDOWS)
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WordNet\2.1\WNHome
Base directory for WordNet. Default is C:\Program Files\WordNet\2.1 .
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\WordNet\2.1\wnres
User's default browser options.
FILES
index.pos
database index files data.pos
database data files *.vrb
files of sentences illustrating the use of verbs pos .exc
morphology exception lists
SEE ALSO
wnintro <wnintro.1WN.html>(1WN) <wnintro.1WN.html> , wn
<wn.1WN.html>(1WN) <wn.1WN.html> , wnintro <wnintro.3WN.html>(3WN)
<wnintro.3WN.html> , lexnames <lexnames.5WN.html>(5WN)
<lexnames.5WN.html> , senseidx <senseidx.5WN.html>(5WN)
<senseidx.5WN.html> , wndb <wndb.5WN.html>(5WN) <wndb.5WN.html> ,
wninput <wninput.5WN.html>(5WN) <wninput.5WN.html> , morphy
<morphy.7WN.html>(7WN) <morphy.7WN.html> , wngloss
<wngloss.7WN.html>(7WN) <wngloss.7WN.html> , wngroups
<wngroups.7WN.html>(7WN) <wngroups.7WN.html> .
BUGS
Please reports bugs to wordnet@princeton.edu.
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