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<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Dialogue and Narration</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#say-statement">Say Statement</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#defining-character-objects">Defining Character Objects</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#say-with-image-attributes">Say with Image Attributes</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#example-characters">Example Characters</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#special-characters">Special Characters</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#dialogue-window-management">Dialogue Window Management</a></li>
</ul>
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<div class="section" id="dialogue-and-narration">
<h1>Dialogue and Narration<a class="headerlink" href="#dialogue-and-narration" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Text is fundamental to visual novels, and generally quite important to
storytelling-based games. This text may consist of dialogue labeled
with the character that is saying it, and narration, which does not
have a speaker. (For convenience, we will lump both dialogue and
narration together as dialogue, except where the differences are
important.) It's also important that the user be able to customize the
look of dialogue to suit their game.</p>
<p>In Ren'Py, most dialogue is written using say statements. The look of
dialogue may be customized on a per-character basis by using Character
objects.</p>
<div class="section" id="say-statement">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>Say Statement<a class="headerlink" href="#say-statement" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The say statement is used for dialogue and narration. Since it's
almost always the most frequently used statement in Ren'Py scripts,
the say statement has a syntax that minimizes the overhead in
writing it. Some example say statements are:</p>
<div class="highlight-renpy"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span class="s">"This is narration."</span>
<span class="s">"Eileen"</span> <span class="s">"This is dialogue, with an explicit character name."</span>
<span class="n">e</span> <span class="s">"This is dialogue, using a character object instead."</span>
<span class="s">"Bam!!"</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">vpunch</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The first form of the say statement consists of a string by
itself. This form is used for narration, with the narration being the
contents of the string.</p>
<p>The second form consists of two strings. The first string is the name
of the character who is speaking, and the second is the dialogue being
spoken.</p>
<p>The third form consists of a simple expression followed by a
string. The simple expression should evaluate to either a string
giving a character name, or a Character object. In the latter case,
the character object is used to control how the dialogue is shown.</p>
<p>The final form consists of a string and a with clause which has a
transition. In this case, the string is shown and a screen is shaked
at the same time.</p>
<p>Although the precise details of what a say statement does is
controlled by the character object used, the usual effect of a say
statement is to display dialogue on the screen until the user clicks
to dismiss it, then to remove that dialogue on the screen.</p>
<p>Certain characters have special meaning to Ren'Py, and so can't be
used in dialogue strings. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">{</span></tt> character begins a text tag, and
the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">[</span></tt> character begins a substitution. To use them in dialogue,
double them. It may also be necessary to precede a quote with a
backslash to prevent it from closing the string. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-renpy"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span class="s">"I walked past a sign saying, </span><span class="se">\"</span><span class="s">Let's give it 100%!</span><span class="se">\"</span><span class="s">"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="defining-character-objects">
<h2>Defining Character Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#defining-character-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>By creating a Character object and using it in a say statement, you
can customize the look (and to some extent, the behavior) of
dialogue. Characters are created by using the define statement to
assign a Character to a variable. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-renpy"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">define</span> <span class="n">e</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Character</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Eileen"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">who_color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"#c8ffc8"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Once this is done, the character can be used in a say statement:</p>
<div class="highlight-renpy"><div class="highlight"><pre>
<span class="n">e</span> <span class="s">"Hello, world."</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Character is a python function, that takes a large number of keyword
arguments. These keyword arguments control the behavior of the
character.</p>
<p>The define statement causes its expression to be evaluated, and assigned to the
supplied name. If not inside an init block, the define statement will
automatically be run with init priority 0.</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="Character">
<tt class="descname">Character</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em>, <em>kind=adv</em>, <em>**args</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#Character" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Creates and returns a Character object, which controls the look
and feel of dialogue and narration.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><cite>name</cite></dt>
<dd>If a string, the name of the character for dialogue. When
<cite>name</cite> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, display of the name is omitted, as for
narration.</dd>
<dt><cite>kind</cite></dt>
<dd>The Character to base this Character off of. When used, the
default value of any argument not supplied to this Character
is the value of that argument supplied to <cite>kind</cite>. This can
be used to define a template character, and then copy that
character with changes.</dd>
</dl>
<p><strong>Linked Image</strong>
An image tag may be associated with a Character. This allows a
say statement involving this character to display an image with
the tag, and also allows Ren'Py to automatically select a side
image to show when this character speaks.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><cite>image</cite></dt>
<dd>A string giving the image tag that is linked with this
character.</dd>
</dl>
<p><strong>Voice Tag</strong>
If a voice tag is assign to a Character, the voice files that are
associated with it, can be muted or played in the preference
screen.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><cite>voice_tag</cite></dt>
<dd>A String that enables the voice file assosiated with the
Character to be muted or played in the 'voice' channel.</dd>
</dl>
<p><strong>Prefixes and Suffixes.</strong>
These allow a prefix and suffix to be applied to the name of the
character, and to the text being shown. This can be used, for
example, to add quotes before and after each line of dialogue.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><cite>what_prefix</cite></dt>
<dd>A string that is prepended to the dialogue being spoken before
it is shown.</dd>
<dt><cite>what_suffix</cite></dt>
<dd>A string that is appended to the dialogue being spoken before
it is shown.</dd>
<dt><cite>who_prefix</cite></dt>
<dd>A string that is prepended to the name of the character before
it is shown.</dd>
<dt><cite>who_suffix</cite></dt>
<dd>A string that is appended to the name of the character before
it is shown.</dd>
</dl>
<p><strong>Changing Name Display.</strong>
These options help to control the display of the name.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><cite>dynamic</cite></dt>
<dd>If true, then <cite>name</cite> should be a string containing a python
expression. That string will be evaluated before each line
of dialogue, and the result used as the name of the character.</dd>
</dl>
<p><strong>Controlling Interactions.</strong>
These options control if the dialogue is displayed, if an
interaction occurs, and the mode that is entered upon display.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><cite>condition</cite></dt>
<dd>If given, this should be a string containing a python
expression. If the expression is false, the dialogue
does not occur, as if the say statement did not happen.</dd>
<dt><cite>interact</cite></dt>
<dd>If true, the default, an interaction occurs whenever the
dialogue is shown. If false, an interaction will not occur,
and additional elements can be added to the screen.</dd>
<dt><cite>mode</cite></dt>
<dd>A string giving the mode to enter when this character
speaks. See the section on <a class="reference internal" href="modes.html#modes"><em>modes</em></a> for more details.</dd>
<dt><cite>callback</cite></dt>
<dd>A function that is called when events occur while the
character is speaking. See the section on
<a class="reference internal" href="character_callbacks.html#character-callbacks"><em>Character Callbacks</em></a> fore more information.</dd>
</dl>
<p><strong>Click-to-continue.</strong>
A click-to-continue indicator is displayed once all the text has
finished displaying, to prompt the user to advance.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><cite>ctc</cite></dt>
<dd>A Displayable to use as the click-to-continue indicator, unless
a more specific indicator is used.</dd>
<dt><cite>ctc_pause</cite></dt>
<dd>A Displayable to use a the click-to-continue indicator when the
display of text is paused by the {p} or {w} text tags.</dd>
<dt><cite>ctc_timedpause</cite></dt>
<dd>A Displayable to use a the click-to-continue indicator when the
display of text is paused by the {p=} or {w=} text tags. When
None, this takes its default from ctc_pause, use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Null()</span></tt>
when you want a ctc_pause but no ctc_timedpause.</dd>
<dt><cite>ctc_position</cite></dt>
<dd>Controls the location of the click-to-continue indicator. If
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"nestled"</span></tt>, the indicator is displayed as part of the text
being shown, immediately after the last character. If <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"fixed"</span></tt>,
the indicator is added to the screen, and its position is
controlled by the position style properties.</dd>
</dl>
<p><strong>Screens.</strong>
The display of dialogue uses a <a class="reference internal" href="screens.html#screens"><em>screen</em></a>. These arguments
allow you to select that screen, and to provide arguments to it.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><cite>screen</cite></dt>
<dd>The name of the screen that is used to display the dialogue.</dd>
</dl>
<p>Keyword arguments beginning with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">show_</span></tt> have the prefix
stripped off, and are passed to the screen as arguments. For
example, the value of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">show_side_image</span></tt> will become the
value of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">side_image</span></tt> variable in the screen.</p>
<p>Some useful <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">show_</span></tt> variables implemented by the default screens are:</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><cite>show_side_image</cite></dt>
<dd>When given a Displayable, shows that displayable when the
dialogue is shown. The position of that displayable is
controlled by its position properties. This is often used
to show an image of the speaking character to the side
of the dialogue.</dd>
<dt><cite>show_two_window</cite></dt>
<dd>If true, restructures the layout so that the name of the
character is placed in one window, and the dialogue text in a
second window.</dd>
<dt><cite>show_layer</cite></dt>
<dd>If given, this should be a string giving the name of the layer
to show the "say" screen on.</dd>
</dl>
<p><strong>Styling Text and Windows.</strong>
Keyword arguments beginning with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">who_</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">what_</span></tt>, and
<cite>window_`</cite> have their prefix stripped, and are used to <a class="reference internal" href="style.html#styles"><em>style</em></a> the character name, the spoken text, and the window
containing both, respectively.</p>
<p>For example, if a character is given the keyword argument
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">who_color="#c8ffc8"</span></tt>, the color of the character's name is
changed, in this case to green. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">window_background="frame.png"</span></tt>
sets the background of the window containing this character's
dialogue.</p>
<p>The style applied to the character name, spoken text, and window
can also be set this way, using the <cite>who_style</cite>, <cite>what_style</cite>, and
<cite>window_style</cite> arguments, respectively.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="say-with-image-attributes">
<h2>Say with Image Attributes<a class="headerlink" href="#say-with-image-attributes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>When a character is defined with an associated image tag, say
statement involving that character may have image attributes
placed between the character name and the second string.</p>
<p>In this form, if an image with the given tag is showing, Ren'Py will
issue a show command involving the character tag and the
attributes. If the image is not shown, Ren'Py will store the
attributes for use by side images, but will not show an image.</p>
<p>For example, the code:</p>
<div class="highlight-renpy"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">define</span> <span class="n">e</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Character</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Eileen"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">image</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"eileen"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">label</span> <span class="n">start</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">show</span> <span class="n">eileen</span> <span class="n">mad</span>
<span class="n">e</span> <span class="s">"I'm a little upset at you."</span>
<span class="n">e</span> <span class="n">happy</span> <span class="s">"But it's just a passing thing."</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>is equivalent to:</p>
<div class="highlight-renpy"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">define</span> <span class="n">e</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Character</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Eileen"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">label</span> <span class="n">start</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">show</span> <span class="n">eileen</span> <span class="n">mad</span>
<span class="n">e</span> <span class="s">"I'm a little upset at you."</span>
<span class="k">show</span> <span class="n">eileen</span> <span class="n">happy</span>
<span class="n">e</span> <span class="s">"But it's just a passing thing."</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To cause a transition to occur whenever the images are changed in this way, set
<a class="reference internal" href="config.html#var-config.say_attribute_transition"><tt class="xref std std-var docutils literal"><span class="pre">config.say_attribute_transition</span></tt></a> to a transition.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="example-characters">
<h2>Example Characters<a class="headerlink" href="#example-characters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Here are a few example characters:</p>
<div class="highlight-renpy"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c"># A character that has its dialogue enclosed in parenthesis.</span>
<span class="k">define</span> <span class="n">e</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Character</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Eileen"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">what_prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'"'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">what_suffix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'"'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c"># A character that pulls its name from a variable.</span>
<span class="k">define</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Character</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"player_name"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dynamic</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="special-characters">
<h2>Special Characters<a class="headerlink" href="#special-characters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>A few character names are defined by default, and are used
automatically in certain situations. Intentionally redefining these
characters can change the behavior of Ren'Py, but accidentally using
them can be a problem.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">adv</span></tt></dt>
<dd>The default kind of character used by Character. This sets up a
character such that one line is displayed on the screen at a
time.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">nvl</span></tt></dt>
<dd>A kind of Character that causes dialogue to be displayed in
<a class="reference internal" href="nvl_mode.html#nvl-mode"><em>NVL-Mode Tutorial</em></a>, with multiple lines of text on the screen
at once.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">narrator</span></tt></dt>
<dd>The character that's used to display narration, by say statements
without a character name.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name_only</span></tt></dt>
<dd>A character that is used to display dialogue in which the
character name is given as a string. This character is copied to a
new character with the given name, and then that new character is
used to display the dialogue.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">centered</span></tt></dt>
<dd>A character that causes what it says to be displayed centered,
in the middle of the screen, outside of any window.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">vcentered</span></tt></dt>
<dd>A character that causes what it says to be displayed centered
in vertically oriented text, in the middle of the screen,
outside of any window.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">extend</span></tt></dt>
<dd><p class="first">A character that causes the last character to speak to say a line
of dialogue consisting of the last line of dialogue spoken, "{fast}",
and the dialogue given to extend. This can be used to have the screen
change over the course of dialogue.</p>
<p class="last">Extend is aware of NVL-mode, and treats it correctly.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-renpy"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c"># Show the first line of dialogue, wait for a click, change expression, and show</span>
<span class="c"># the rest.</span>
<span class="k">show</span> <span class="n">eileen</span> <span class="n">concerned</span>
<span class="n">e</span> <span class="s">"Sometimes, I feel sad."</span>
<span class="k">show</span> <span class="n">eileen</span> <span class="n">happy</span>
<span class="n">extend</span> <span class="s">" But I usually quickly get over it!"</span>
<span class="c"># Similar, but automatically changes the expression when the first line is finished</span>
<span class="c"># showing. This only makes sense when the user doesn't have text speed set all the</span>
<span class="c"># way up.</span>
<span class="k">show</span> <span class="n">eileen</span> <span class="n">concerned</span>
<span class="n">e</span> <span class="s">"Sometimes, I feel sad.{nw}"</span>
<span class="k">show</span> <span class="n">eileen</span> <span class="n">happy</span>
<span class="n">extend</span> <span class="s">" But I usually quickly get over it!"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="dialogue-window-management">
<h2>Dialogue Window Management<a class="headerlink" href="#dialogue-window-management" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Ren'Py includes several statements that allow for management of the
dialogue window. As dialogue window is always shown during dialogue,
these statements control the presence or absence of the window during
non-dialogue interactions.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">window</span> <span class="pre">show</span></tt></p>
<p>The window show statement causes the window to be shown.
It takes as an argument an optional transition, which is used to show the
window. If the transition is omitted, <a class="reference internal" href="config.html#var-config.window_show_transition"><tt class="xref std std-var docutils literal"><span class="pre">config.window_show_transition</span></tt></a>
is used.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">window</span> <span class="pre">hide</span></tt></p>
<p>The window hide statement causes the window to be hidden. It takes as an
argument an optional transition, which is used to hide the window. If
the transition is omitted, <a class="reference internal" href="config.html#var-config.window_hide_transition"><tt class="xref std std-var docutils literal"><span class="pre">config.window_hide_transition</span></tt></a> is
used.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">window</span> <span class="pre">auto</span></tt></p>
<p>This enables automatic management of the window. The window is shown
before statements listed in <a class="reference internal" href="config.html#var-config.window_auto_show"><tt class="xref std std-var docutils literal"><span class="pre">config.window_auto_show</span></tt></a> - by default,
say statements. The window is hidden before statements listed in
<a class="reference internal" href="config.html#var-config.window_auto_hide"><tt class="xref std std-var docutils literal"><span class="pre">config.window_auto_hide</span></tt></a> - by default, scene statements.</p>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">window</span> <span class="pre">auto</span></tt> statement uses <a class="reference internal" href="config.html#var-config.window_show_transition"><tt class="xref std std-var docutils literal"><span class="pre">config.window_show_transition</span></tt></a>
and <a class="reference internal" href="config.html#var-config.window_hide_transition"><tt class="xref std std-var docutils literal"><span class="pre">config.window_hide_transition</span></tt></a> to show and hide the window,
respectively. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">window</span> <span class="pre">auto</span></tt> is cancelled by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">window</span> <span class="pre">show</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">window</span> <span class="pre">hide</span></tt>.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-renpy"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">window</span> <span class="k">show</span> <span class="c"># shows the window with the default transition, if any.</span>
<span class="k">pause</span> <span class="c"># the window is shown during this pause.</span>
<span class="k">window</span> <span class="k">hide</span> <span class="c"># hides the window.</span>
<span class="k">pause</span> <span class="c"># the window is hidden during this pause.</span>
<span class="k">window</span> <span class="k">show</span> <span class="n">dissolve</span> <span class="c"># shows the window with dissolve.</span>
<span class="k">pause</span> <span class="c"># the window is shown during this pause.</span>
<span class="k">window</span> <span class="k">hide</span> <span class="n">dissolve</span> <span class="c"># hides the window with dissolve.</span>
<span class="k">pause</span> <span class="c"># the window is hidden during this pause.</span>
<span class="k">window</span> <span class="na">auto</span>
<span class="s">"The window is automatically shown before this line of dialogue."</span>
<span class="k">pause</span> <span class="c"># the window is shown during this pause.</span>
<span class="k">scene</span> <span class="n">bg</span> <span class="n">washington</span> <span class="c"># the window is hidden before the scene change.</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">dissolve</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Dialogue window management is subject to the "show empty window"
<a class="reference internal" href="screen_actions.html#Preference" title="Preference"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">Preference()</span></tt></a>. If the preference is disabled, the statements above
have no effect.</p>
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