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<div class="section" id="faq">
<span id="pytango-faq"></span><h1>FAQ<a class="headerlink" href="#faq" title="Permalink to this headline">ΒΆ</a></h1>
<p>Answers to general Tango questions can be found at <a class="reference external" href="http://www.tango-controls.org/tutorials">http://www.tango-controls.org/tutorials</a></p>
<p>Please also check <a class="reference external" href="http://www.tango-controls.org/howtos">http://www.tango-controls.org/howtos</a> for a list of Tango howtos</p>
<p><strong>Where are the usual bjam files?</strong></p>
<p>Starting from PyTango 7.0.0 the prefered way to build PyTango is using the standard
python distutils package. This means that:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>you do NOT have to install the additional bjam package</li>
<li>you do NOT have to change 3 configuration files</li>
<li>you do NOT need to have 2Gb of RAM to compile PyTango.</li>
</ul>
<p>Please check the compilation chapter for details on how to build PyTango.</p>
<p><strong>I got a libbost_python error when I try to import PyTango module</strong></p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>doing:</dt>
<dd><div class="first last highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">PyTango</span>
<span class="go">ImportError: libboost_python-gcc43-mt-1_38.so.1.38.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>You must check that you have the correct boost python installed on your computer.
To see which boost python file PyTango needs type:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>$ ldd /usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/PyTango/_PyTango.so
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff48bfe000)
libtango.so.7 => /home/homer/local/lib/libtango.so.7 (0x00007f393fabb000)
liblog4tango.so.4 => /home/homer/local/lib/liblog4tango.so.4 (0x00007f393f8a0000)
**libboost_python-gcc43-mt-1_38.so.1.38.0 => not found**
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f393f65e000)
librt.so.1 => /lib/librt.so.1 (0x00007f393f455000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f393f251000)
libomniORB4.so.1 => /usr/local/lib/libomniORB4.so.1 (0x00007f393ee99000)
libomniDynamic4.so.1 => /usr/local/lib/libomniDynamic4.so.1 (0x00007f393e997000)
libomnithread.so.3 => /usr/local/lib/libomnithread.so.3 (0x00007f393e790000)
libCOS4.so.1 => /usr/local/lib/libCOS4.so.1 (0x00007f393e359000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f393e140000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007f393ddce000)
libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f393dac1000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00007f393d83b000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f3940a4c000)
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><strong>My python code uses PyTango 3.0.4 API. How do I change to 7.0.0 API?</strong></p>
<p>To ease migration effort, PyTango 7 provides an alternative module called
PyTango3.</p>
<p>Changing your python import from:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">PyTango</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>to:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">PyTango3</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">PyTango</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>should allow you to execute your old PyTango code using the new PyTango 7 library.</p>
<p>Please note that you should as soon as possible migrate the code to Tango 7
since the PyTango team cannot assure the maintainability of the PyTango3 module.</p>
<p>Please find below a basic set of rules to migrate from PyTango 3.0.x to 7:</p>
<p><em>General rule of thumb for data types</em></p>
<p>The first important thing to be aware of when migrating from PyTango <= 3.0.4 to
PyTango >= 7 is that the data type mapping from tango to python and vice versa is
not always the same. The following table summarizes the differences:</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="23%" />
<col width="39%" />
<col width="39%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Tango data type</th>
<th class="head">PyTango 7 type</th>
<th class="head">PyTango <= 3.0.4 type</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td>DEV_VOID</td>
<td>No data</td>
<td>No data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DEV_BOOLEAN</td>
<td>bool</td>
<td>bool</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>DEV_SHORT</td>
<td>int</td>
<td>int</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DEV_LONG</td>
<td>int</td>
<td>int</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>DEV_LONG64</td>
<td>long (on a 32 bits computer) or
int (on a 64 bits computer)</td>
<td>long (on a 32 bits computer) or
int (on a 64 bits computer)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DEV_FLOAT</td>
<td>float</td>
<td>float</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>DEV_DOUBLE</td>
<td>float</td>
<td>float</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DEV_USHORT</td>
<td>int</td>
<td>int</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>DEV_ULONG</td>
<td>int</td>
<td>int</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DEV_ULONG64</td>
<td>long (on a 32 bits computer) or
int (on a 64 bits computer)</td>
<td>long (on a 32 bits computer) or
int (on a 64 bits computer)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>DEV_STRING</td>
<td>str</td>
<td>str</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DEVVAR_CHARARRAY</td>
<td>sequence<int></td>
<td>list<int></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>DEVVAR_SHORTARRAY</td>
<td>sequence<int></td>
<td>list<int></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DEVVAR_LONGARRAY</td>
<td>sequence<int></td>
<td>list<int></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>DEVVAR_LONG64ARRAY</td>
<td>sequence<long> (on a 32 bits computer) or
sequence<int> (on a 64 bits computer)</td>
<td>list<long> (on a 32 bits computer) or
list<int> (on a 64 bits computer)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DEVVAR_FLOATARRAY</td>
<td>sequence<float></td>
<td>list<float></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>DEVVAR_DOUBLEARRAY</td>
<td>sequence<float></td>
<td>list<float></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DEVVAR_USHORTARRAY</td>
<td>sequence<int></td>
<td>list<int></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>DEVVAR_ULONGARRAY</td>
<td>sequence<int></td>
<td>list<int></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DEVVAR_ULONG64ARRAY</td>
<td>sequence<long> (on a 32 bits computer) or
sequence<int> (on a 64 bits computer)</td>
<td>list<long> (on a 32 bits computer) or
list<int> (on a 64 bits computer)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>DEVVAR_STRINGARRAY</td>
<td>sequence<str></td>
<td>list<str></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>DEVVAR_LONGSTRINGARRAY</td>
<td>A sequence with two elements:
1. sequence<int>
2. sequence<str></td>
<td><dl class="first last docutils">
<dt>A list with two elements:</dt>
<dd><ol class="first last arabic simple">
<li>list<int></li>
<li>list<str></li>
</ol>
</dd>
</dl>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>DEVVAR_DOUBLESTRINGARRAY</td>
<td>A sequence with two elements:
1. sequence<float>
2. sequence<str></td>
<td><dl class="first last docutils">
<dt>A list with two elements:</dt>
<dd><ol class="first last arabic simple">
<li>list<float></li>
<li>list<str></li>
</ol>
</dd>
</dl>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Note that starting from PyTango 7 you <strong>cannot assume anything</strong> about the concrete
sequence implementation for the tango array types in PyTango.
This means that the following code (valid in PyTango <= 3.0.4):</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">PyTango</span>
<span class="n">dp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PyTango</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DeviceProxy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"my/device/experiment"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">da</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_attribute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"array_attr"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">da</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">"array_attr is NOT a scalar attribute"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>must be replaced with:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">operator</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">types</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">PyTango</span>
<span class="n">dp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PyTango</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DeviceProxy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"my/device/experiment"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">da</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_attribute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"array_attr"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">operator</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isSequence</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">da</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">da</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">types</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StringTypes</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">"array_attr is NOT a scalar attribute"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note that the above example is intended for demonstration purposes only. For
reference, the proper code would be:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">PyTango</span>
<span class="n">dp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PyTango</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DeviceProxy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"my/device/experiment"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">da</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_attribute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"array_attr"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">da</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data_format</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">PyTango</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">AttrDataFormat</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SCALAR</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="s">"array_attr is NOT a scalar attribute"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><em>Server</em></p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">replace <cite>PyTango.PyUtil</cite> with <a class="reference internal" href="server_api/util.html#PyTango.Util" title="PyTango.Util"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Util</span></tt></a></p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">replace <cite>PyTango.PyDeviceClass</cite> with <a class="reference internal" href="server_api/device_class.html#PyTango.DeviceClass" title="PyTango.DeviceClass"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">DeviceClass</span></tt></a></p>
</li>
<li><dl class="first docutils">
<dt>state and status overwrite</dt>
<dd><p class="first">in PyTango <= 3.0.4, in order to overwrite the default state and status in a device
server, you had to reimplement <strong>State()</strong> and <strong>Status()</strong> methods respectively.</p>
<p class="last">in PyTango 7 the methods have been renamed to <strong>dev_state()</strong> and <strong>dev_status()</strong> in
order to match the C++ API.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ol>
<p><em>General</em></p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><dl class="first docutils">
<dt>AttributeValue does <strong>NOT</strong> exist anymore.</dt>
<dd><ul class="first simple">
<li>the result of a read_attribute call on a <a class="reference internal" href="client_api/device_proxy.html#PyTango.DeviceProxy" title="PyTango.DeviceProxy"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">DeviceProxy</span></tt></a> / <a class="reference internal" href="client_api/group.html#PyTango.Group" title="PyTango.Group"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Group</span></tt></a>
is now a <a class="reference internal" href="client_api/miscellaneous.html#PyTango.DeviceAttribute" title="PyTango.DeviceAttribute"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">DeviceAttribute</span></tt></a> object</li>
<li>write_attribute does not accept AttributeValue anymore</li>
</ul>
<p class="last">(See <a class="reference internal" href="client_api/device_proxy.html#PyTango.DeviceProxy" title="PyTango.DeviceProxy"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">DeviceProxy</span></tt></a> API documentation for more details)</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><dl class="first docutils">
<dt>command_inout for commands with parameter type DevVar****StringArray don’t accept items in second sequence not being strings:</dt>
<dd><p class="first">For example, a tango command ‘DevVoid Go(DevVarDoubleArray)’ in tango 3.0.4
could be executed by calling:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">dev_proxy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">command_inout</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s">'Go'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>and the second list would internally be converted to [‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’].
Starting from PyTango 7 this is not allowed anymore. So the above code
must be changed to:</p>
<div class="last highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">dev_proxy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">command_inout</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s">'Go'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'1'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'2'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'3'</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><dl class="first docutils">
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="client_api/other.html#PyTango.EventType" title="PyTango.EventType"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">EventType</span></tt></a> enumeration constants changed to match C++ enumeration</dt>
<dd><ul class="first last simple">
<li>CHANGE -> CHANGE_EVENT</li>
<li>QUALITY -> QUALITY_EVENT</li>
<li>PERIODIC -> PERIODIC_EVENT</li>
<li>ARCHIVE -> ARCHIVE_EVENT</li>
<li>USER -> USER_EVENT</li>
<li>ATTR_CONF_EVENT remains</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><dl class="first docutils">
<dt>Exception handling</dt>
<dd><p class="first">in 3.0.4 <a class="reference internal" href="exception.html#PyTango.DevFailed" title="PyTango.DevFailed"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">DevFailed</span></tt></a> was a tuple of dictionaries.
Now <a class="reference internal" href="exception.html#PyTango.DevFailed" title="PyTango.DevFailed"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">DevFailed</span></tt></a> is a tuple of <a class="reference internal" href="exception.html#PyTango.DevError" title="PyTango.DevError"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">DevError</span></tt></a>.
This means that code:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">tango_fail</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="n">PyTango</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DevFailed</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s">'reason'</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>needs to be replaced with:</p>
<div class="last highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">tango_fail</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="n">PyTango</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DevFailed</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reason</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ol>
<p><em>Optional</em></p>
<p>The following is a list of API improvements. Some where added for performance
reasons, others to allow for a more pythonic interface, others still to reflect
more adequately the C++ interface. They are not mandatory since the original
interface will still be available.</p>
<p><strong>Why is there a “-Wstrict-prototypes” warning when I compile PyTango?</strong></p>
<p>The PyTango prefered build system (distutils) uses the same flags used to compile
Python to compile PyTango. It happens that Python is compiled as a pure C library
while PyTango is a C++ library. Unfortunately one of the flags used by Python is
the “-Wstrict-prototypes” which makes sence in a C compilation but not in a C++
compilation.
For reference here is the complete error message you may have:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><cite>cc1plus: warning: command line option “-Wstrict-prototypes” is valid for Ada/C/ObjC but not for C++</cite></div></blockquote>
<p>Do not worry about this warning since the compiler is ignoring the presence of this flag
in the compilation.</p>
<p><strong>Why are there so many warnings when generating the documentation?</strong></p>
<p>PyTango uses boost python for the binding between C++ and Python and sphinx for
document generation.
When sphinx generates the PyTango API documentation it uses introspection to search
for documentation in the python code. It happens that boost overrides some python
introspection API for functions and methods which sphinx expects to have. Therefore
you should see many warnings of type:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><cite>(WARNING/2) error while formatting signature for PyTango.Device_4Impl.always_executed_hook: **arg is not a Python function**</cite></div></blockquote>
<p>Do not worry since sphinx is able to generate the proper documentation.</p>
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