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<div class="title">BPSK modulation over an AWGN channel </div> </div>
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<div class="textblock"><p>As a first example we will generate a sequence of 500000 random bits {0,1} and BPSK modulate these. Thereafter the BPSK signals will be transmitted over an AWGN channel with a signal-to-noise ratio <img class="formulaInl" alt="$E_b/N_0 = 0$" src="form_304.png"/> dB. The received signal is then decoded and the number of bit errors are calculated.</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#include <<a class="code" href="itcomm_8h.html">itpp/itcomm.h</a>></span></div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"><span class="keyword">using namespace </span>itpp;</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"><span class="comment">//These lines are needed for use of cout and endl</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> std::cout;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="keyword">using</span> std::endl;</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">int</span> main()</div>
<div class="line">{</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Scalars</span></div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> N;</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keywordtype">double</span> N0;</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Vectors</span></div>
<div class="line"> bvec bits, dec_bits;</div>
<div class="line"> vec symbols, rec;</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Classes</span></div>
<div class="line"> <a class="code" href="classitpp_1_1BPSK.html">BPSK</a> bpsk; <span class="comment">//The BPSK modulator/debodulator class</span></div>
<div class="line"> <a class="code" href="classitpp_1_1BERC.html">BERC</a> berc; <span class="comment">//The Bit Error Rate Counter class</span></div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Init</span></div>
<div class="line"> N = 500000; <span class="comment">//The number of bits to simulate</span></div>
<div class="line"> N0 = 1; <span class="comment">//0 dB SNR</span></div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Randomize the random number generator</span></div>
<div class="line"> <a class="code" href="group__randgen.html#ga001a62b1a1e3092d3bc60f71c95208cd">RNG_randomize</a>();</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Generate the bits:</span></div>
<div class="line"> bits = <a class="code" href="group__randgen.html#ga5aa06887cf1fd3301b040987924068f0">randb</a>(N);</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Do the BPSK modulation</span></div>
<div class="line"> bpsk.<a class="code" href="classitpp_1_1BPSK.html#aff002bcb92f62a0f01e76ce1b0ab543e">modulate_bits</a>(bits, symbols);</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Add the AWGN</span></div>
<div class="line"> rec = symbols + <a class="code" href="group__miscfunc.html#gaf559d29ca56ad3396a4284964b01a9b0">sqrt</a>(N0 / 2) * <a class="code" href="group__randgen.html#ga9ecf5af23567f51abc9af737fdbd872a">randn</a>(N);</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Decode the received bits</span></div>
<div class="line"> bpsk.<a class="code" href="classitpp_1_1BPSK.html#a86ec97762f354d8020fcab199faa6e5e">demodulate_bits</a>(rec, dec_bits);</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Count the number of errors</span></div>
<div class="line"> berc.<a class="code" href="classitpp_1_1BERC.html#a539b0c989badff3027d97e4693fc9cd7">count</a>(bits, dec_bits);</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Print the results</span></div>
<div class="line"> cout << <span class="stringliteral">"There were "</span> << berc.<a class="code" href="classitpp_1_1BERC.html#a02e757f28e87003404ad0d4aec1e44a6">get_errors</a>() << <span class="stringliteral">" received bits in error."</span> << endl;</div>
<div class="line"> cout << <span class="stringliteral">"There were "</span> << berc.<a class="code" href="classitpp_1_1BERC.html#a0d1b89503b1c260b37171a07ae77c7f4">get_corrects</a>() << <span class="stringliteral">" correctly received bits."</span> << endl;</div>
<div class="line"> cout << <span class="stringliteral">"The error probability was "</span> << berc.<a class="code" href="classitpp_1_1BERC.html#af17d5f534ba34558d3632a98f29f0519">get_errorrate</a>() << endl;</div>
<div class="line"> cout << <span class="stringliteral">"The theoretical error probability is "</span> << 0.5*<a class="code" href="group__errorfunc.html#gaddd7604b61e53771a01d0a784e7c7a8a">erfc</a>(1.0) << endl;</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Exit program:</span></div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line">}</div>
</div><!-- fragment --><p>When you run this program, the output will look something like this:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line">There were 39224 received bits in error.</div>
<div class="line">There were 460776 correctly received bits.</div>
<div class="line">The error probability was 0.078448</div>
<div class="line">The theoretical error probability is 0.0786496</div>
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